Ten years ago, when we talked about the word "sex", everyone would probably look at you with a surprised expression and strange eyes. But 10 years later, when the sexual revolution hit, when the "fig leaf" was torn off, the long-suppressed passion in the hearts of the Chinese people burst out like a scourge. "One-night stands", "mistresses"... these were previously premised. Words that no one dares to mention seem to have become high-frequency words in society.

Are these changes in sexual issues regressive or progressive? What is the current sexual situation in China? Where will sex go in the future? Li Yinhe, a member of the academic committee of the Institute of Sociology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and a well-known sexologist, and Xue Fulin, executive deputy secretary-general of the Chinese Sexology Society, gave an interpretation of "sexual openness" in an exclusive interview with reporters.

China's sexual revolution is only equivalent to that of the United States in the 1950s and 1960s.

"Life Times": Judging from the current situation, at what stage is China's sexual status quo? Are we now starting a sexual revolution?

Li Yinhe: China’s sexual revolution started 30 years ago. We are still in its infancy, equivalent to the level of the United States in the 1950s and 1960s. Nowadays, people place more emphasis on sexual rights in addition to sexual pleasure. This is no small improvement.

"Life Times": Compared with the United States, in what aspects do we lag behind?

Li Yinhe: Mainly still is the law. At present, there are very few relevant laws in our country and they are not scientific enough. In the past decade or so, some data I have investigated show that China’s sexual revolution has achieved certain results, and sexual concepts are becoming increasingly open. For example, in 1989, only 15% of people had premarital sex in Beijing, but the latest statistics show that it has risen to 60%-70%; another example is that "one-night stands" represented by Mu Zimei were punished 20 years ago. , but not now.

Xue Fulin: I think the difference between Chinese and Americans is not "open" or not, but culture. For example, Chinese people greet each other with a handshake, while Americans greet each other with a hug. Do you think this is because they have more open sexual concepts? In fact, this is determined by cultural characteristics. I have seen red light districts and sex shops in foreign countries, and they are not as crowded as everyone imagines. Chinese people's sexual concepts are indeed somewhat backward, but in some coastal areas, sexual behavior is very "open".

Extramarital sex and extramarital affairs are inevitable products

"Life Times": With the increasing openness of sexual concepts, a series of derived issues such as extramarital sex and extramarital affairs have emerged. What do you two think?

Li Yinhe: I divide sexual behavior into three categories: one is sinful, such as rape; one is wrong, such as extramarital sex; and the other is innocent. I believe that extramarital sex should be morally condemned, but the law cannot interfere. Moreover, for some marriages, extramarital sex is indeed a complement. For example, if a husband is in his 60s and has lost his sexual ability; while his wife is only in her 40s, she needs to make up for it with extramarital sex. There are also a large number of couples whose family status is unequal, and the husband always bullies his wife. At this time, the third party has a certain function.

Xue Fulin: Regarding extramarital sexual relations, my view is that "it begins with emotion and ends with etiquette." When we encounter unsatisfactory things in marriage, it is understandable that we develop feelings and even sexual impulses for other members of the opposite sex, because this is human nature. But it is best not to turn this impulse into action, because after all, humans are different from ordinary animals, and our actions are subject to legal, moral, and cultural constraints.

"Life Times": Professor Li, why do you think extramarital sex should not be punished by law?

Li Yinhe: Extramarital sex is a human right, and there is no reason for the law to interfere. In some Western countries, 40% of people have sex outside of marriage. How is the law punishable?

But because it occurs under the premise of a marriage contract, and in the marriage contract, two people promise to be loyal to each other. If one party betrays, it is definitely not appropriate. So it should be morally condemned.

"Life Times": So, does Professor Xue agree with Professor Li Yinhe that extramarital sexual relations are not subject to legal prosecution, but they must accept moral condemnation?

Xue Fulin: We can call extramarital sexual relations "extra-legal affairs". First of all, they are not protected by the law. To say that it is "not subject to legal action" or that "people have the right to have sex outside of marriage" is questionable in my opinion. You may think you have rights, but no law gives you that right. Because both marriage and sexual relationships under monogamy are exclusive. If your "one-night stand" hurts your family, what legal rights does your behavior comply with? If you really want to have sex with someone else, dissolve your current marriage first. When sex and marriage are mixed together, it is not as simple as sexual behavior. It involves many things - the relationship between husband and wife, family, money, face, and the rights of other people. It is not based on what you think you have "rights." "You can come wherever you want.

${FDPageBreak}As for moral condemnation, this is too theoretical. Some extramarital sexual relations are not known to the family at all, so who is going to condemn them? Let the public and the media condemn it? The Chinese have a good saying: Family scandals should not be made public. Who would want to make this known to everyone? As for self-condemnation, those who are truly responsible and accidentally cheat can indeed do so and even regret it for the rest of their lives. But how many such people are there now? Strengthening education may not make everyone responsible.

Life Times: Professor Li, you mentioned that 60%-70% of people have had premarital sex, including some college students. What attitude should schools take towards sexual behavior among college students?

Li Yinhe: College students are over 18 years old. They have the right to make their own choices. Schools can focus on sex education and persuasion. For example, tell them that doing so will affect their studies, lead to pregnancy, and tell them how to prevent sexually transmitted diseases. Not long ago, a school in Sichuan expelled two students for having sex. This was very wrong.

"Life Times": Some time ago, relevant departments in Harbin instructed sex workers to use condoms. Is this a tacit approval of prostitution?

Li Yinhe: It is not considered acquiescence, it can only be said to be a very embarrassing means to prevent AIDS. Because our current laws are not conducive to controlling AIDS, this method can only be used. In fact, prostitution is irreversible and cannot be wiped out no matter how hard we sweep it away. In some places, it is even driven by profit.

Xue Fulin: Engels said that prostitution and adultery are necessary supplements to monogamy. I think this makes sense. Under the monogamy system, the basis of marriage should be love, but in reality, many marriages are not based on love, and some originally had love but later lost it. But for all the reasons I mentioned earlier, many marriages still have to survive without the foundation of love. What if there are sexual needs? They had to go outside to solve the problem. There are also problems with special groups of people, such as migrant workers far away from their hometowns. But when it comes to whether it should be legal or not, that's another complicated question.

"Life Times": What methods do you think should be used to control sex workers?

Li Yinhe: Last year, a female representative proposed the establishment of a "red light district", but it was not passed. In my opinion, "pull" is better than "hit". Dragging her out and parading her in public and using threats to solve the problem is not a good solution. And if we can provide them with some technical training and give them the opportunity to find other jobs, it will definitely be much better than simply attacking them.

Sex education is still a priority

"Life Times": So, what is the overall trend of Chinese people's current sexual concepts?

Li Yinhe: It should be said that we are emerging from the shadow of the Middle Ages. People's sexual concepts are much more open than before. At least they no longer think that sex is a dirty thing. Of course, some unscientific laws are in name only and are no longer seriously enforced (called blue laws in the West), and these will slowly die out.

"Life Times": You have mentioned the legal and moral aspects more than once. In your opinion, what kind of laws are applicable to the sexual field?

Li Yinhe: The less depressed the better. The famous French philosopher Foucault said that no power is willing to let go of sexual resources. Then we can only hope that it regulates sex as little as possible. It needs to be managed, but never too oppressive.

"Life Times": Since our sexual development lags behind the United States, what experience do they have to learn from, and what should we avoid? Can some backward sexual concepts be changed through appeal?

Li Yinhe: China’s sexual revolution happened at the wrong time. People were just taking steps towards sexual liberation with the initial impulse, but AIDS appeared, forcing us to be more vigilant. But China's future development will be much easier than that of the United States. The traditional concept in Western countries is that "sex is a sin", while in our country it is only "sex is a shame".

If I speak from experience, it should still be sex education. Our country's sex education is too backward, and we know very little about sexual safety. In some Nordic countries, 95%-99% of people have premarital sex, but they can prevent 100% of teenage girls from getting pregnant. In comparison, China is far behind.

Xue Fulin: It is really difficult to use appeals to improve people's sexual attitudes. Because changing concepts requires conditions and time, work should be done subtly rather than through strong propaganda. More importantly, China's economy is still underdeveloped, and it is impossible for you to let people's ideas transcend the economic foundation. At present we should still focus on sex education

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