What is circumcision?

Circumcision means that once a certain age is reached, the first half of the foreskin covering the penis is cut open with a scalpel. In societies where only male circumcision is a custom, urethrotomy is also performed. Female circumcision involves removing the tip of the clitoris. This is regarded as a ritual that must be experienced to reach adulthood. Through this ceremony, one begins to gain social recognition as an adult.

Usually, circumcision is performed in groups, and the group is composed of teenagers of the same age or different ages. There are tribes that do it once every year, and there are tribes that do it every seven years. For example, the Kikuyu tribe, the largest tribe in Kenya, or the Maasai, a pastoral people in East Africa, belong to the former situation. The Nandi tribe in Kenya also belongs to the The latter situation. For example, the Nandi society is composed of age groups at all levels. The same age group is mainly 15 years old and consists of 8 to 22 years old. Every man belongs to one of these groups from birth.

The circumcision takes place in a specific hut away from the village, where the group is quarantined for a period of 20 days to one month. During this period, circumcision sites were still used as places for adult learning. Of course, methods of sexual intercourse were also taught and thorough sex education was carried out. The Ganda, the largest tribe in Uganda, replaces sex education textbooks by letting children watch adults having sex and receive education. After such circumcision is completed, boys and girls are recognized as adults and can have sexual intercourse freely.

How did the ritual of circumcision come about?

According to Assistant Professor Matsuzono of Tokyo Metropolitan University, who investigated the circumcision customs of the Kisii people, this is what he thinks. The Kisii are Bantu farmers living in southwestern Kenya, where both men and women undergo circumcision. He said: "The first consideration is to withstand the physical test as a ladder to adulthood. Although it is the same test, the purpose is very different for men and women. In the case of men, it is to improve sexual ability, and in the case of women, the opposite is true. , not letting you feel the pleasure of sex. This strongly reflects the superiority of men to women in Kisii society, and the evidence is that sexual intercourse is also performed with violence after marriage."

In addition, some psychologists have done this to circumcision. illustrate. In Kisii society, once a wife gives birth to a child, sexual intercourse between the couple ceases for one year. The husband was thrown out of bed, and the wife slept with the child. During this period, the psychological bond between mother and son was very strong. However, the mother is a girl married from another tribe, so it can be said that she has the blood of a foreigner. Therefore, in order to psychologically sever that connection, the child must be isolated for a certain period of time and circumcised.

What is puzzling is that under the same conditions and in the same society, there are two types of circumcision and non-circumcision, and the two tribes are close together. How should this difference be considered? What's the explanation? Professor Yoneyama of Kyoto University replied: "The real reason is not clear. However, I think it has something to do with the development of social organizations. Usually, societies that practice circumcision are complex alliances between villages. Societies that do not practice circumcision, Generally, it is still based on the village-based system and is not a emirate. ”

However, even tribes that do not perform circumcision mostly hold adult ceremonies instead of circumcision. The so-called coming-of-age ceremony, like circumcision, refers to a certain learning period in order to become an adult. For example, join an adult organization called a secret society and learn various customs in the village. The coming-of-age ceremony of the Ilaku people is to gather young girls in one place for half a year of study. The content mainly focuses on applying makeup, smelling fragrance, and making beaded decorations. Among the many contents, the most important one can be said to be sex education, as well as the secrets of sexual intercourse positions according to different tribes, and they are compiled into songs for collective education.

The apron tattoos or scars of the Hottentots are also a form of adulthood.

Some tribes in Africa have the custom of scarring their bodies starting from around the age of four or five. It is divided into four stages: arms, chest, back, etc., and finally ends with the genitals. Such scars have various meanings, but one of the most noteworthy is sexual allure.

Due to cultural differences, men have different opinions on how women behave to feel sexually attractive. According to the book "Human and Animal Sexual Behavior" written by Ford et al., among the 76 societies they investigated, 12 tribes considered fat women as beautiful, and 6 tribes considered long labia minora to be attractive. Fat beauties are representative among Bantu tribes. The Hottentot tribe is famous for their extremely long labia minora (commonly known as the Hottentot apron). Generally, starting from the age of five or six, under the guidance of seniors, a person hides in the grass to stretch the labia minora, and spreads the juice of grass or trees on it to help grow. After countless years of stretching little by little, it finally became the long labia minora that the Hottentot people considered beautiful.

In addition, the Hottentot women are famous for their high buttocks that are pointed backwards (medically called female buttocks are too fat), which is also their unique sexual charm. Why it is so plump may be unbelievable. However, the common view that protruding buttocks are considered beautiful is speculated to have evolved over hundreds or thousands of years before slowly changing into today's female body shape.

The privilege conferred upon one after circumcision or the rite of passage is to receive sexual education through practical experience. When boys reach their teens, they go for a walk on the savannah with guns basically every evening. They usually form a group of two or three and target the girl's home. In Africa, it is customary to stay at anyone's house at night as long as there is nothing special to do. Of course, there is a choice in which house you live in, and the person you want to live in is your separated sweetheart. If the girl lets you stay, you are right in your heart. Then he pretended to be asleep, and the family went to the woman's house to negotiate in the dead of night. There is also a pre-arranged agreement with the family, so just let things take their own course. However, girls often refuse the first time they come. According to local customs, if a girl agrees immediately, she is regarded as a dirty woman. However, if you are rejected many times, others will become afraid to come to you, so it is difficult to grasp the right time. In this way, until marriage, men and women enjoy the fun of free love.

However, this freedom also has certain limits, that is, it cannot make the lover pregnant. Once such a thing is revealed, not only will the girl's value plummet, but the man will also be criticized and find himself in a dilemma. Therefore, the method of external ejaculation was taught to them by their predecessors during the circumcision period.

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