About 80% of hepatitis B comes from familial vertical transmission

Our country is known as a big country of hepatitis B. According to statistics, there are nearly 100 million hepatitis B virus carriers in my country, which means that there is one in every 10 people. Although there are many people with hepatitis B in my country, not all of them are infected through contact with patients. The vast majority (about 80%) come from familial vertical transmission. Vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus includes mother-to-child transmission and father-to-child transmission.

There have been in-depth studies at home and abroad on the pathways of mother-to-child vertical transmission and corresponding prevention and treatment methods. Recently, some domestic research results show that in the vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus, the situation of father-to-child transmission cannot be ignored. In fact, although the probability of father-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus is not more than that of mother-to-child transmission, once infected, it is equally easy to cause lifelong carriers. , but the father-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus is only a way of transmitting hepatitis B virus, not a genetic disease. Through effective prevention, the vertical transmission between father and child can be blocked.

What exactly is father-to-child transmission?

Hepatitis B virus DNA can be detected in the sperm of men with hepatitis B. The virus is present in the cytoplasm of the sperm head, and the sperm enters the egg cell. Although the mother does not have hepatitis, the fertilized egg will During the formation of the embryo, the hepatitis B virus is also constantly multiplying, making the offspring become hepatitis B patients or virus carriers. Therefore, this method of transmission of hepatitis B virus is called father-to-child transmission.

Father-to-child transmission is different from mother-to-child transmission. Studies have shown that the sperm of a father infected with hepatitis B virus already carries hepatitis B virus DNA fragments. This DNA fragment can be present in the cytoplasm of the sperm head. Through fertilization, the virus can continue to replicate in the daughter cells, causing infection of the daughter cells, causing hepatitis B to be transmitted from father to child. In addition, even if there is no hepatitis B virus infection at the time of fertilization, as long as the couple lives together during pregnancy, the pregnant woman is still at risk of being infected by her husband's hepatitis B virus. Because close contact in daily life and sexual life during pregnancy may cause pregnant women to be infected with hepatitis B virus, and then infect their offspring through father-mother-infant transmission. This is actually an indirect father-to-child transmission.

When the father is positive for both surface antigen and e-antigen, the infection rate of his or her offspring can reach more than 80%; when the father is positive for e-antibody, the infection rate of his offspring is about 20%. After the fetus is infected with hepatitis B virus, in addition to becoming a hepatitis B patient or carrier, it can also affect the normal growth and development of the fetus, and can cause low birth weight, congenital diseases or malformations, miscarriage, stillbirth, etc. Therefore, we should pay sufficient attention to the father-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus.

If the spouse is healthy and the HBV-infected person is HbsAg positive, or has "small three yangs" or "small two yangs", HBV-DNA is negative and has no clinical symptoms, normal liver function, and no abnormalities on liver and spleen B-ultrasound, This shows that HBV does not replicate in the body and is extremely infective.

Since direct father-to-child transmission occurs at the germ cell stage, the most effective way to block father-to-child transmission of hepatitis B is pre-pregnancy intervention.

1. Newlyweds should be tested for hepatitis B before marriage. No matter whether either man or woman has hepatitis B, they should be actively treated. It is best to wait until the condition is cured and there is no infection or the condition is stable before getting married and having children. If the mother can successfully immunize the hepatitis B vaccine before pregnancy until antibodies appear, this is the best period of pregnancy, which can effectively protect pregnant women and newborns, thereby effectively reducing the possibility of being infected with hepatitis B virus.

2. The way to prevent father-to-child transmission is to promptly vaccinate newborns with hepatitis B vaccine according to planned immunization measures. Children can be vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine as soon as they are born. There are also some useful methods to choose from: During pregnancy, intramuscular injection of hepatitis B immunoglobulin 200IU every 4 weeks starting from the 20th week of pregnancy can effectively neutralize the hepatitis B virus in the blood of pregnant women. The purpose is to further strengthen the resistance of pregnant women. The husband's ability to be infected with hepatitis B virus while reducing the chance of parent-to-mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus. Newborns born to fathers and/or mothers who are hepatitis B virus carriers should, in addition to being injected with hepatitis B vaccine as required, also be injected with high-efficiency hepatitis B immune globulin within 24 hours and 1 month after birth, 100IU each time, in order to better of protecting newborns.

Therefore, we remind that for cases where only the father of the couple has evidence of hepatitis B virus infection, education should be strengthened to give them a deeper understanding of the spread of hepatitis B virus, so as to better cooperate with doctors in using reasonable methods to prevent pregnant women and Offspring are protected from the occurrence of paternal hepatitis B virus infection.

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