In 1964, Professor Hu Chuankui, then dean of Beijing Medical College and director of the Beijing Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, solemnly announced: China has basically eliminated sexually transmitted diseases! Many countries exclaimed that this was a miracle from the East. However, decades later, syphilis, gonorrhea and other sexually transmitted diseases have resurfaced in China and spread rapidly. Professor Wang Shengyong, a well-known domestic epidemiologist and director of the Epidemiology Teaching and Research Office of Jinan University School of Medicine, said that if not controlled, the incidence of gonorrhea and syphilis will account for 24 of the 24 legal Class A and B infectious diseases in the next few years. More than 50% of the total!

The number of syphilis cases in my country has increased by 25%

Xu Keyi, a professor at Peking University School of Medicine and director of the STD and AIDS Center at Beijing Ditan Hospital, said that in the past, there were only 5 traditional STDs, including gonorrhea. , syphilis, chancroid, lymphogranuloma venereum and inguinal granuloma. In 1975, the World Health Organization expanded the concept of sexually transmitted diseases to include "sexually transmitted diseases", which now refers to a group of infectious diseases that are mainly transmitted through sexual contact. In addition to the original five sexually transmitted diseases, it also includes more than 20 diseases such as AIDS, genital warts, and hepatitis B.

In my country, syphilis and gonorrhea are the sexually transmitted diseases with the fastest rising incidence. At the same time, the incidence of AIDS is also rising rapidly. The "2006 National Notifiable Infectious Diseases Epidemic Report" released by the Ministry of Health shows that among Class A and B infectious diseases, a total of 174,506 cases of syphilis were reported, accounting for the fourth highest number of reported cases that year, and the fifth highest disease was gonorrhea. In 2007, syphilis increased by 24.09%, ranking third after tuberculosis and hepatitis B. In early 2007, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the University of North Carolina State University jointly published a paper in the famous medical journal "The Lancet", which once again proved that the incidence of syphilis in China was rising rapidly: in 1993, per 100,000 people Among people, the total number of syphilis cases is less than 0.2, while in 2005 the number of primary and secondary syphilis cases alone reached 5.7 per 100,000 people. "Due to under-reporting, the actual incidence rate will be much higher. The situation reflected by the statistical data is definitely just the tip of the iceberg." Professor Chen Xiangsheng from the China CDC Center for STD Control said.

${FDPageBreak} Genital warts are currently the most common sexually transmitted disease in European and American countries. In the past 15 years, the number of cases in the United Kingdom and the United States has increased fivefold. In 2007, the British Health Protection Agency stated that due to the increasing number of teenagers infected with STDs, the number of new STD patients in the UK reached a new high. Genital warts and gonorrhea accounted for 55% and 50% of the new patients. According to statistics from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in the 20 years from 1987 to 2006, the number of cases of genital warts per 100,000 people increased from 50.8 to 347.8.

Excessive sexual liberation is the direct cause

Experts unanimously said that the rapid spread of traditional sexually transmitted diseases such as syphilis and gonorrhea across the country is ultimately a problem of excessive sexual liberation. Excessive sexual liberation has created several major conditions for the spread of sexually transmitted diseases.

Multiple sexual partners. “Traditional STDs such as syphilis and gonorrhea are only transmitted through sexual intercourse. The more sexual partners there are, the greater the chance of infection.” Standing Member of the Dermatology and Venereology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association and Deputy Leader of the Venereology Group, Capital Medical University Dermatology Professor Lian Shi, Chairman of the Department of Venereology, pointed out. China CDC's 2003 survey of STD patients showed that more than 94% of people contracted the disease through non-marital sex.

High-risk sexual behaviors, such as not using condoms. A 2002 US CDC study found that only 40% of men aged 15-44 had used condoms during their most recent sexual experience. The "2003 Global Sex Survey" shows that 70% of Chinese people do not use condoms when having sex with a new partner for the first time. "You cannot know the health status of strangers, whether they have been infected with sexually transmitted diseases, or whether they have had sex before. So, to prevent sexually transmitted diseases, the first step is to avoid having sex with strangers or insist on using condoms."

The number of homosexuals is increasing. China's first large-scale survey of the gay population and its HIV infection rate shows that the HIV infection rate among gay men ranks second among China's high-risk groups for AIDS, second only to drug addicts.

In addition, the number of sexually transmitted diseases caused by drug abuse, blood and mother-to-child transmission is also rising. The mother-to-child transmission rate of HIV-1 in my country is about 35%, which is significantly higher than the 15%-25% in developed countries. "People's awareness of sexually transmitted diseases has increased, and more people are taking the initiative to seek medical treatment, which has also led to an increase in the number of reported cases of sexually transmitted diseases in our country." Lian Shi pointed out.

${FDPageBreak}If not treated in time, the consequences will be endless

From a global perspective, people who are susceptible to sexually transmitted diseases are gradually changing from sex workers and drug addicts to ordinary people, especially those who are susceptible to STDs. Teenagers spread. In 2007, there were 397,990 new cases of STDs in the UK, half of whom were aged 16 to 24. Among them, the number of boys aged 16 to 19 suffering from syphilis increased by 25%, and the number of girls aged 16 to 19 increased by 20%. There were nearly 189 million new infections in the United States in 2000, 9.1 million of whom were between the ages of 15 and 24. Dr Calvin, of the Communicable Disease Surveillance Center at Public Health England, said: "This trend is worrying. It clearly shows that young people are not following the principles of safe sex. Most of them do not understand STDs and their symptoms, which makes The risk of disease increases significantly."

Most STDs can cause a lot of pain to patients in the acute phase, and some can cause serious long-term damage. For example, gonorrhea and non-gonococcal urethritis can not only cause urethral inflammation in men, but also damage the vas deferens, causing male infertility. For women, they may damage the fallopian tubes and endometrium, causing infertility or ectopic pregnancy. At the same time, sexually transmitted diseases will also harm the next generation. Pregnant women with gonorrhea can transmit gonorrhea to their babies during delivery, causing neonatal gonococcal conjunctival keratitis and blindness. Prenatally transmitted syphilis will cause congenital syphilis in the next generation, causing developmental dysplasia, periostitis, deafness, and neurological diseases.

“Treat sexually transmitted diseases like dental disease”

It has become a social norm to talk about sexually transmitted diseases, and the extremely high incidence of sexually transmitted diseases also affects people unconsciously. living habits. "If I go to the toilet outside, I basically don't sit on the toilet. I have to find a toilet where I can squat. No one knows whether the person who uses the toilet is healthy or not." Ms. Liu from Beijing told the reporter of "Life Times". Ms. Wang, who is in charge of event projects at a public relations company, is even more exaggerated: "I have a special suitcase, which always contains a bed sheet, a set of long-sleeved pajamas, two towels and a large pack of disinfectant wipes. In short, I will do everything possible. It is possible to avoid direct physical contact with the bedding provided by the hotel.”

“To change the current situation of high incidence of STDs, we should first correct people’s understanding that STDs are ordinary diseases and are not always related to sexual promiscuity. Draw an equal sign. "Xu Keyi said, "At the same time, to encourage people to take active treatment, we should advocate treating STDs like dental care." Lian Shi pointed out that people should learn to treat STDs as an overall health problem, rather than a narrow one. view it as a moral or ethical issue.

${FDPageBreak}However, at present, the access system for STD diagnosis and treatment institutions in my country is incomplete, which brings many difficulties to treatment. Many medical institutions that are not qualified to treat STDs have opened STD treatment centers. In order to make money, they often resort to excessive treatment. For example, the formal treatment for gonorrhea only costs a few hundred yuan; however, in informal institutions, a large amount of drugs may be used, and the cost of treatment can reach tens of thousands of yuan. Lian Shi pointed out that over-treatment will not only increase the cost of diagnosis and treatment, but also lead to increased drug side effects and drug resistance. There are also many doctors who have a weak concept of prevention. They only focus on examination and treatment when dealing with patients, and rarely provide health education or consultation. Patients come in confused and leave confused. "After discovering that you are infected with an STD, you should choose to go to a regular hospital and never blindly believe in false propaganda from small hospitals."

"ABC" principle to effectively prevent STDs

In order to effectively curb STDs With the rising trend, countries around the world have taken various efforts.

In addition to strengthening sex safety education in schools, the UK is also distributing free self-examination tools for sexually transmitted diseases, including test strips and kits for detecting viruses through blood and urine, in pharmacies, supermarkets, barber shops and even gas stations in London and nearby areas. etc., saving people the inconvenience and embarrassment of seeking medical treatment. The patient will be notified of the test results via email or even text message, including details such as where to receive treatment. At the same time, the government and medical organizations also require TV series to add some scenes depicting the painful lives of STD patients to alert young people to pay attention to sexual health.

Thailand’s ability to effectively control and reduce AIDS also relies on its vigorous promotion of condoms. Equipment distributing free condoms can be seen everywhere on the streets. Even in government agencies and banks, you can get free condoms.

Xu Keyi said that the United Nations has proposed the "ABC" principle for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases. A stands for Abstinency, which means "abstinence." It may be difficult to completely ban it, so take a step back and achieve "moderation." Especially teenagers, they must avoid premature sexual intercourse. B stands for Be faithful, which means "loyalty". In modern language, it means to be monogamous or have a fixed sexual partner, and not to have sex with strangers. C is Condom, which is the last step. Condoms are a very effective way to prevent and treat STDs and AIDS. If used correctly, the effectiveness is almost 100%. "This principle is not only applicable to AIDS, but is also effective in preventing other sexually transmitted diseases." Lian Shi said.

Developing good living habits is also beneficial to reducing the rate of sexually transmitted diseases. When traveling, you must pay attention to personal hygiene. It is best to change and wash underwear every day; when staying, carefully check all kinds of bedding in the room; when taking a bath, it is best to take a shower and wipe your body with your own towel. After going out and returning home, it is best to take a bath immediately, change clothes, and soak in boiling water.

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